![]() LiDAR is a common technique to measure distances by timing the return pulse, emitted from a laser transmitter to the laser receiver 4. In geosciences, terrestrial laser-scanning and airborne laser-scanning (TLS & ALS) techniques are applied for topographic land surveying on a wide range of scales 1, 2, 3. Overall, the versatility in handling outweighs the range limitations, making the Apple LiDAR devices cost-effective alternatives to established techniques in remote sensing with possible fields of application for a wide range of geo-scientific areas and teaching. 3D models with the dimensions of up to 130 × 15 × 10 m of a coastal cliff with an absolute accuracy of ± 10 cm are compiled. The LiDAR sensors create accurate high-resolution models of small objects with a side length > 10 cm with an absolute accuracy of ± 1 cm. ![]() The results are compared to state-of-the-art Structure from Motion Multi-View Stereo (SfM MVS) point clouds. Here we investigate the basic technical capabilities of the LiDAR sensors and we test the application at a coastal cliff in Denmark. released the iPad Pro 2020 and the iPhone 12 Pro with novel build-in LiDAR sensors. Nevertheless, costs and complexity associated with topographic surveying are still high. Recently, off-the-shelf drones with optical sensors already reduced the costs for obtaining a high-resolution dataset of an Earth surface considerably. ![]() Traditionally, topographic surveying in earth sciences requires high financial investments, elaborate logistics, complicated training of staff and extensive data processing. ![]()
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